An employment reference is much more than just a piece of paper. It often accompanies employees throughout their careers and frequently determines their opportunities in the job market. However, anyone who has read a reference knows: there is often more between the lines than meets the eye. Terms like “stets bemüht” (always endeavored) or “zur vollen Zufriedenheit” (to full satisfaction) sound harmless – but in the “reference language,” they are clear codes that employers and HR professionals understand immediately. For laypersons, however, it is often difficult to recognize whether an employment reference is truly positive, average, or even negatively worded.

What is an Employment Reference?

Every employee in Germany is entitled to an employment reference according to § 109 of the Industrial Code (GewO) when the employment relationship ends – regardless of whether it’s due to a termination, a mutual termination agreement, or a resignation. The reference must be worded favorably but must not contain false facts. This is a balancing act that employers often manage through standardized formulations.

There are two types:

• Simple Reference – contains only information on the type and duration of employment.
• Qualified Reference – additionally evaluates performance, conduct, and social skills. This is precisely where the famous “secret codes” are hidden.

Why is the Wording so Important?

A small word can make all the difference. “Stets zur vollen Zufriedenheit” (always to full satisfaction) corresponds to a “good” rating. If “stets” is missing, the assessment already drops to “befriedigend” (satisfactory). For HR managers, this is clear, but for employees, it is often a mystery. Anyone who files their reference without having it checked risks starting their next job application with a poorer assessment – without even realizing it.

Your Rights

Employees must receive a truthful and favorable reference. This means:

• No hidden negative implications.
• A clear, fair assessment.
• Correct information on duties, area of responsibility, and duration.

If a reference is ambiguously or unfairly worded, employees have the right to demand a correction – if necessary, with legal support from a specialist lawyer for labor law.

My Service

I translate your employment reference from the “reference language” into German that everyone understands. This way, you know exactly what rating you truly received – and whether action is required. Upon request, I can also support you in demanding changes (judicially) if necessary.
An employment reference is a crucial building block for your professional future. Do not simply assume it is correct – have it professionally reviewed and understood. Please feel free to contact me.